centos/linux系统下定时备份任务的方法设置

方法步骤：

# 需要备份文件路径:/opt/apollo/logs/access_log
[root@localhost opt]# cd apollo/
[root@localhost apollo]# tree
.
├── logs
│  └── access_log
└── test.sh
# 文件备份存放路径:/tmp/logs
# 备份文件加上时间戳date + %Y%m%d%H%M%S

1.编写shell脚本

[root@localhost tmp]# vi /opt/apollo/test.sh
# 编译器
# !/bin/bash

# 日志备份到该目录下,定义变量使用单引号
mypath='/tmp/logs'
# 回应/tmp/logs
echo ${mypath}

# 要备份的日志
mylog='/opt/apollo/logs/access_log'
# 回应/opt/apollo/logs/access_log
echo ${mylog}

# 时间戳,执行命令使用``,esc下面的
time=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`
# 回应时间戳
echo ${time}

# 备份日志access_log到/tmp/logs路径下
cp ${mylog} ${mypath}/${time}_access.log
# 回应
echo ${mypath} ${mypath}/${time}_access.log

2.执行test.sh

[root@localhost apollo]# ./test.sh
-bash: ./test.sh: Permission denied

3.执行ls -la

[root@localhost apollo]# ls -la
total 8
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  21 Jan 20 08:00 .
drwxr-xr-x. 14 root root 4096 Jan 20 07:07 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 489 Jan 20 08:00 test.sh

4.给文件test.sh赋与执行权限

[root@localhost apollo]# chmod +x ./test.sh
[root@localhost apollo]# ls -la
total 8
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  21 Jan 20 08:00 .
drwxr-xr-x. 14 root root 4096 Jan 20 07:07 ..
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 489 Jan 20 08:00 test.sh

5.再次执行,脚本没有报错

[root@localhost apollo]# ./test.sh
/tmp/logs
/opt/apollo/logs/access_log
20190120080932
/tmp/logs /tmp/logs/20190120080932_access.log

6.编辑定时任务

[root@localhost logs]# crontab -e
no crontab for root - using an empty one
crontab: installing new crontab

7.查看定时任务

# 每分钟执行一次test.sh
* * * * * sh /opt/apollo/test.sh

8.重启crond

[root@localhost logs]# service crond reload
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl reload cron

d.service
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

9.编写文件access_log

# 需要备份文件路径:
/opt/apollo/logs/access_log
# 编辑文件
[root@localhost logs]# vi /opt/apollo/logs/access_log
# 追加内容如下:
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

10.过1分钟,再去查备份存放目录

[root@localhost logs]# cat 20190120083101_access.log
djddjsjsjsjjsjsjsj
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

11.到此为止,定时备份任务完成.

恭喜你,学会备份了！

12.删除定时任务

[root@localhost logs]# crontab -r
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

13.查看定时任务

[root@localhost logs]# crontab -l
no crontab for root